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Technical Info/ Applications
The most everyday use of stainless steel is obviously in cutlery. Very cheap cutlery is made out of grades 409 and 430, with the finest Sheffield cutlery using specially produced 410 and 420 for the knives and grade 304 (18/8 stainless, 18% chromium 8% nickel) for the spoons and forks. The different grades are used as 410/420 can be hardened and tempered so that the knife blades will take a sharp edge, whereas the more ductile 18/8 stainless is easier to work and therefore more suitable for objects that have to undergo numerous shaping, buffing and grinding processes.
Very large amounts of stainless steel are used in food production and storage. The most commonly used grades are 304 and 316. Typical uses would be dairies, milk storage, ham curing, frozen and salted fish storage. Whereas 304 is used for normal temperatures and acid concentrations, 316 is used for harsher environments. For example 304 is used in cheese production, but where salted ham is being prepared 316 is used. For low concentrations of phosphoric acid (one of the constituents of cola) 304 is used, but at higher temperatures and concentrations 316 is used. Food slicers are made out of 420 and 440. Very often in food production stainless is used not because the food itself is corrosive but the use of stainless allows for faster and more efficient cleaning. For example in ice cream production 316 is specified so that strong anti-bacteriological cleaning and rinsing systems can be used. One of the great advantages of stainless steel is that imparts no taste to the food that it comes into contact with. This has created one interesting anomaly. Traditional winemaking uses barrels of oak. The newer wine-producing nations use very large vats and storage containers of stainless steel as this gives them far greater economies of scale. However in conventional winemaking the acid of the wine dissolves some of the wood to give an "oak" body taste. Using stainless steel vats oak chips deliberately have to be put into the vats to create the same effect and satisfy traditional wine drinkers.
The pumping and containment of oils, gases and acids has created a large market for stainless tanks, pipes, pumps and valves. The storage of dilute nitric acid was one of the first major success stories for 18/8 stainless steel as it could be used in thinner sections and was more robust than other materials. Special grades of stainless have been developed to have greater corrosion resistance. These are used in de-salination plants, sewage plants, offshore oil rigs, harbour supports and ships propellers.
Architecture is a growing market. Many modern buildings use stainless for cladding. When reinforced concrete first started to be used it was considered that the carbon steel used would not rust as cement, obviously derived from limestone, is alkaline. However, constantly using grit salt on bridges can change the pH to acidic thereby rusting the steel which expands and cracks the concrete. Stainless steel reinforcing bar, although initially expensive, is proving to have very good life cycle costings. The low maintenance cost and anti-vandal characteristics of stainless provides a growing market in public transport, ticket machines and street furniture.
The nuclear power industry uses large quantities of stainless, often specified with a low cobalt content, for both power generation and radiation containment. Special louvered ventilation shafts are made, which are designed to be used in emergencies to seal off plants for years if necessary. Steam and gas turbines use stainless because of its corrosion resisting and heat resisting qualities.
Especially clean melted stainless is used for medical implants and artificial hips. A great deal of medical equipment - such as orthopaedic beds, cabinets and examination machines - is made as standard from stainless because of its hygienic and easy-clean qualities. Pharmaceutical companies use stainless for pill funnels and hoppers and for piping creams and solutions.
Cars are making increasing use of stainless steel, primarily for exhaust systems (grade 409) and catalytic converters, but also for structural purposes.
With greater attention being made to achieving low long term maintenance costs, less environmental impact and greater concern with life cycle costs, the market for stainless steel continues to improve.
Very large amounts of stainless steel are used in food production and storage. The most commonly used grades are 304 and 316. Typical uses would be dairies, milk storage, ham curing, frozen and salted fish storage. Whereas 304 is used for normal temperatures and acid concentrations, 316 is used for harsher environments. For example 304 is used in cheese production, but where salted ham is being prepared 316 is used. For low concentrations of phosphoric acid (one of the constituents of cola) 304 is used, but at higher temperatures and concentrations 316 is used. Food slicers are made out of 420 and 440. Very often in food production stainless is used not because the food itself is corrosive but the use of stainless allows for faster and more efficient cleaning. For example in ice cream production 316 is specified so that strong anti-bacteriological cleaning and rinsing systems can be used. One of the great advantages of stainless steel is that imparts no taste to the food that it comes into contact with. This has created one interesting anomaly. Traditional winemaking uses barrels of oak. The newer wine-producing nations use very large vats and storage containers of stainless steel as this gives them far greater economies of scale. However in conventional winemaking the acid of the wine dissolves some of the wood to give an "oak" body taste. Using stainless steel vats oak chips deliberately have to be put into the vats to create the same effect and satisfy traditional wine drinkers.
The pumping and containment of oils, gases and acids has created a large market for stainless tanks, pipes, pumps and valves. The storage of dilute nitric acid was one of the first major success stories for 18/8 stainless steel as it could be used in thinner sections and was more robust than other materials. Special grades of stainless have been developed to have greater corrosion resistance. These are used in de-salination plants, sewage plants, offshore oil rigs, harbour supports and ships propellers.
Architecture is a growing market. Many modern buildings use stainless for cladding. When reinforced concrete first started to be used it was considered that the carbon steel used would not rust as cement, obviously derived from limestone, is alkaline. However, constantly using grit salt on bridges can change the pH to acidic thereby rusting the steel which expands and cracks the concrete. Stainless steel reinforcing bar, although initially expensive, is proving to have very good life cycle costings. The low maintenance cost and anti-vandal characteristics of stainless provides a growing market in public transport, ticket machines and street furniture.
The nuclear power industry uses large quantities of stainless, often specified with a low cobalt content, for both power generation and radiation containment. Special louvered ventilation shafts are made, which are designed to be used in emergencies to seal off plants for years if necessary. Steam and gas turbines use stainless because of its corrosion resisting and heat resisting qualities.
Especially clean melted stainless is used for medical implants and artificial hips. A great deal of medical equipment - such as orthopaedic beds, cabinets and examination machines - is made as standard from stainless because of its hygienic and easy-clean qualities. Pharmaceutical companies use stainless for pill funnels and hoppers and for piping creams and solutions.
Cars are making increasing use of stainless steel, primarily for exhaust systems (grade 409) and catalytic converters, but also for structural purposes.
With greater attention being made to achieving low long term maintenance costs, less environmental impact and greater concern with life cycle costs, the market for stainless steel continues to improve.
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MATMETAL Steel - Steel Products Mak.San. and Tic.A.S.
Address : 2825 Sokak no:34 I.Sanayi Sitesi / IZMIR / TURKEY
Tel : +90 (232) 433 70 51 • +90 (232) 433 96 62 • Factory Tel : +90 (232) 877 11 60 • Fax : +90 (232) 433 91 74
E-Mail : info@matmetal.com
MATMETAL Steel - Steel Products Mak.San. and Tic.A.S.
Address : 2825 Sokak no:34 I.Sanayi Sitesi / IZMIR / TURKEY
Tel : +90 (232) 433 70 51 • +90 (232) 433 96 62 • Factory Tel : +90 (232) 877 11 60 • Fax : +90 (232) 433 91 74
E-Mail : info@matmetal.com
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